WIP: Rework egl and glium errors

anvil/src/glium_drawer.rs

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use glium::{
     self,
     index::PrimitiveType,
     texture::{MipmapsOption, Texture2d, UncompressedFloatFormat},
-    Frame, GlObject, Surface,
+    GlObject, Surface,
 };
 use slog::Logger;
 
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ use smithay::backend::egl::display::EGLBufferReader;
 use smithay::{
     backend::{
         egl::{BufferAccessError, EGLImages, Format},
-        graphics::{gl::GLGraphicsBackend, glium::GliumGraphicsBackend},
+        graphics::{gl::GLGraphicsBackend, glium::{GliumGraphicsBackend, Frame}},
     },
     reexports::wayland_server::protocol::{wl_buffer, wl_surface},
     wayland::{
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ impl<F: GLGraphicsBackend + 'static> GliumDrawer<F> {
         let images = if let Some(display) = &self.egl_buffer_reader.borrow().as_ref() {
             display.egl_buffer_contents(buffer)
         } else {
-            Err(BufferAccessError::NotManaged(buffer))
+            Err(BufferAccessError::NotManaged(buffer, smithay::backend::egl::EGLError::BadDisplay))
         };
         match images {
             Ok(images) => {
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ impl<F: GLGraphicsBackend + 'static> GliumDrawer<F> {
                     images: Some(images), // I guess we need to keep this alive ?
                 })
             }
-            Err(BufferAccessError::NotManaged(buffer)) => {
+            Err(BufferAccessError::NotManaged(buffer, _)) => {
                 // this is not an EGL buffer, try SHM
                 self.texture_from_shm_buffer(buffer)
             }
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ impl<F: GLGraphicsBackend + 'static> GliumDrawer<F> {
 
     pub fn render_texture(
         &self,
-        target: &mut glium::Frame,
+        target: &mut Frame,
         texture: &Texture2d,
         texture_kind: usize,
         y_inverted: bool,

examples/raw_legacy_drm.rs

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use smithay::{
         common::Error,
         device_bind,
         legacy::{LegacyDrmDevice, LegacyDrmSurface},
-        Device, DeviceHandler, RawSurface, Surface,
+        Device, DeviceHandler, RawSurface,
     },
     reexports::{
         calloop::EventLoop,

src/backend/drm/common/mod.rs

@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@
 //!
 
 use drm::control::{connector, crtc, Mode, RawResourceHandle};
-
 use std::path::PathBuf;
+use crate::backend::graphics::SwapBuffersError;
 
 pub mod fallback;
 
@@ -71,3 +71,21 @@ pub enum Error {
     #[error("Atomic Test failed for new properties on crtc ({0:?})")]
     TestFailed(crtc::Handle),
 }
+
+impl Into<SwapBuffersError> for Error {
+    fn into(self) -> SwapBuffersError {
+        match self {
+            x @ Error::DeviceInactive => SwapBuffersError::TemporaryFailure(Box::new(x)),
+            Error::Access {
+                errmsg: _,
+                dev: _,
+                source,
+            } if match source.get_ref() {
+                drm::SystemError::Unknown { errno: nix::errno::Errno::EBUSY } => true,
+                drm::SystemError::Unknown { errno: nix::errno::Errno::EINTR } => true,
+                _ => false,
+            } => SwapBuffersError::TemporaryFailure(Box::new(source)),
+            x => SwapBuffersError::ContextLost(Box::new(x)),
+        }
+    }
+}

src/backend/drm/egl/mod.rs

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ use wayland_server::Display;
 
 use super::{Device, DeviceHandler, Surface};
 use crate::backend::egl::native::{Backend, NativeDisplay, NativeSurface};
-use crate::backend::egl::Error as EGLError;
+use crate::backend::egl::{Error as EGLError, EGLError as RawEGLError, SurfaceCreationError};
 #[cfg(feature = "use_system_lib")]
 use crate::backend::egl::{display::EGLBufferReader, EGLGraphicsBackend};
 
@@ -33,8 +33,11 @@ pub mod session;
 #[derive(thiserror::Error, Debug)]
 pub enum Error<U: std::error::Error + std::fmt::Debug + std::fmt::Display + 'static> {
     /// EGL Error
-    #[error("EGL error: {0:?}")]
+    #[error("EGL error: {0:}")]
     EGL(#[source] EGLError),
+    /// EGL Error
+    #[error("EGL error: {0:}")]
+    RawEGL(#[source] RawEGLError),
     /// Underlying backend error
     #[error("Underlying backend error: {0:?}")]
     Underlying(#[source] U),
@@ -46,7 +49,7 @@ type Arguments = (crtc::Handle, Mode, Vec<connector::Handle>);
 pub struct EglDevice<B, D>
 where
     B: Backend<Surface = <D as Device>::Surface> + 'static,
-    D: Device + NativeDisplay<B, Arguments = Arguments> + 'static,
+    D: Device + NativeDisplay<B, Arguments = Arguments, Error=<<D as Device>::Surface as Surface>::Error> + 'static,
     <D as Device>::Surface: NativeSurface,
 {
     dev: EGLDisplay<B, D>,
@@ -58,7 +61,7 @@ where
 impl<B, D> AsRawFd for EglDevice<B, D>
 where
     B: Backend<Surface = <D as Device>::Surface> + 'static,
-    D: Device + NativeDisplay<B, Arguments = Arguments> + 'static,
+    D: Device + NativeDisplay<B, Arguments = Arguments, Error=<<D as Device>::Surface as Surface>::Error> + 'static,
     <D as Device>::Surface: NativeSurface,
 {
     fn as_raw_fd(&self) -> RawFd {
@@ -69,7 +72,7 @@ where
 impl<B, D> EglDevice<B, D>
 where
     B: Backend<Surface = <D as Device>::Surface> + 'static,
-    D: Device + NativeDisplay<B, Arguments = Arguments> + 'static,
+    D: Device + NativeDisplay<B, Arguments = Arguments, Error=<<D as Device>::Surface as Surface>::Error> + 'static,
     <D as Device>::Surface: NativeSurface,
 {
     /// Try to create a new [`EglDevice`] from an open device.
@@ -124,7 +127,7 @@ where
 struct InternalDeviceHandler<B, D>
 where
     B: Backend<Surface = <D as Device>::Surface> + 'static,
-    D: Device + NativeDisplay<B, Arguments = Arguments> + 'static,
+    D: Device + NativeDisplay<B, Arguments = Arguments, Error=<<D as Device>::Surface as Surface>::Error> + 'static,
     <D as Device>::Surface: NativeSurface,
 {
     handler: Box<dyn DeviceHandler<Device = EglDevice<B, D>> + 'static>,
@@ -133,7 +136,7 @@ where
 impl<B, D> DeviceHandler for InternalDeviceHandler<B, D>
 where
     B: Backend<Surface = <D as Device>::Surface> + 'static,
-    D: Device + NativeDisplay<B, Arguments = Arguments> + 'static,
+    D: Device + NativeDisplay<B, Arguments = Arguments, Error=<<D as Device>::Surface as Surface>::Error> + 'static,
     <D as Device>::Surface: NativeSurface,
 {
     type Device = D;
@@ -149,7 +152,7 @@ where
 impl<B, D> Device for EglDevice<B, D>
 where
     B: Backend<Surface = <D as Device>::Surface> + 'static,
-    D: Device + NativeDisplay<B, Arguments = Arguments> + 'static,
+    D: Device + NativeDisplay<B, Arguments = Arguments, Error=<<D as Device>::Surface as Surface>::Error> + 'static,
     <D as Device>::Surface: NativeSurface,
 {
     type Surface = EglSurface<<D as Device>::Surface>;
@@ -188,7 +191,10 @@ where
                 context.get_config_id(),
                 (crtc, mode, Vec::from(connectors)),
             )
-            .map_err(Error::EGL)?;
+            .map_err(|err| match err {
+                SurfaceCreationError::EGLSurfaceCreationFailed(err) => Error::RawEGL(err),
+                SurfaceCreationError::NativeSurfaceCreationFailed(err) => Error::Underlying(err),
+            })?;
 
         Ok(EglSurface { context, surface })
     }
@@ -225,7 +231,7 @@ where
 impl<B, D> EGLGraphicsBackend for EglDevice<B, D>
 where
     B: Backend<Surface = <D as Device>::Surface> + 'static,
-    D: Device + NativeDisplay<B, Arguments = Arguments> + 'static,
+    D: Device + NativeDisplay<B, Arguments = Arguments, Error=<<D as Device>::Surface as Surface>::Error> + 'static,
     <D as Device>::Surface: NativeSurface,
 {
     fn bind_wl_display(&self, display: &Display) -> Result<EGLBufferReader, EGLError> {
@@ -236,7 +242,7 @@ where
 impl<B, D> Drop for EglDevice<B, D>
 where
     B: Backend<Surface = <D as Device>::Surface> + 'static,
-    D: Device + NativeDisplay<B, Arguments = Arguments> + 'static,
+    D: Device + NativeDisplay<B, Arguments = Arguments, Error=<<D as Device>::Surface as Surface>::Error> + 'static,
     <D as Device>::Surface: NativeSurface,
 {
     fn drop(&mut self) {

src/backend/drm/egl/session.rs

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use drm::control::{crtc, connector, Mode};
 use std::os::unix::io::RawFd;
 
 use super::EglDevice;
-use crate::backend::drm::Device;
+use crate::backend::drm::{Device, Surface};
 use crate::backend::egl::native::{Backend, NativeDisplay, NativeSurface};
 use crate::backend::session::{AsSessionObserver, SessionObserver};
 
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ impl<S, B, D> AsSessionObserver<EglDeviceObserver<S>> for EglDevice<B, D>
 where
     S: SessionObserver + 'static,
     B: Backend<Surface = <D as Device>::Surface> + 'static,
-    D: Device + NativeDisplay<B, Arguments = (crtc::Handle, Mode, Vec<connector::Handle>)> + AsSessionObserver<S> + 'static,
+    D: Device + NativeDisplay<B, Arguments = (crtc::Handle, Mode, Vec<connector::Handle>), Error=<<D as Device>::Surface as Surface>::Error> + AsSessionObserver<S> + 'static,
     <D as Device>::Surface: NativeSurface,
 {
     fn observer(&mut self) -> EglDeviceObserver<S> {

src/backend/drm/egl/surface.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 use drm::control::{connector, crtc, Mode};
 use nix::libc::c_void;
+use std::convert::TryInto;
 
 use super::Error;
 use crate::backend::drm::Surface;
@@ -21,8 +22,8 @@ where
 }
 
 impl<N> Surface for EglSurface<N>
-where
+where 
-    N: NativeSurface + Surface,
+    N: native::NativeSurface + Surface,
 {
     type Connectors = <N as Surface>::Connectors;
     type Error = Error<<N as Surface>::Error>;
@@ -90,9 +91,15 @@ where
 impl<N> GLGraphicsBackend for EglSurface<N>
 where
     N: native::NativeSurface + Surface,
+    <N as NativeSurface>::Error: Into<SwapBuffersError> + 'static,
 {
     fn swap_buffers(&self) -> ::std::result::Result<(), SwapBuffersError> {
-        self.surface.swap_buffers()
+        if let Err(err) = self.surface.swap_buffers() {
+            Err(match err.try_into() {
+                Ok(x) => x,
+                Err(x) => x.into(),
+            })
+        } else { Ok(()) }
     }
 
     fn get_proc_address(&self, symbol: &str) -> *const c_void {
@@ -109,7 +116,7 @@ where
     }
 
     unsafe fn make_current(&self) -> ::std::result::Result<(), SwapBuffersError> {
-        self.context.make_current_with_surface(&self.surface)
+        self.context.make_current_with_surface(&self.surface).map_err(Into::into)
     }
 
     fn get_pixel_format(&self) -> PixelFormat {

src/backend/drm/gbm/egl.rs

@@ -7,8 +7,7 @@
 use crate::backend::drm::{Device, RawDevice, Surface};
 use crate::backend::egl::ffi;
 use crate::backend::egl::native::{Backend, NativeDisplay, NativeSurface};
-use crate::backend::egl::Error as EglError;
+use crate::backend::egl::{Error as EglBackendError, EGLError, wrap_egl_call};
-use crate::backend::graphics::SwapBuffersError;
 
 use super::{Error, GbmDevice, GbmSurface};
 
@@ -31,22 +30,22 @@ impl<D: RawDevice + 'static> Backend for Gbm<D> {
         display: ffi::NativeDisplayType,
         has_dp_extension: F,
         log: ::slog::Logger,
-    ) -> ffi::egl::types::EGLDisplay
+    ) -> Result<ffi::egl::types::EGLDisplay, EGLError>
     where
         F: Fn(&str) -> bool,
     {
         if has_dp_extension("EGL_KHR_platform_gbm") && ffi::egl::GetPlatformDisplay::is_loaded() {
             trace!(log, "EGL Display Initialization via EGL_KHR_platform_gbm");
-            ffi::egl::GetPlatformDisplay(ffi::egl::PLATFORM_GBM_KHR, display as *mut _, ptr::null())
+            wrap_egl_call(|| ffi::egl::GetPlatformDisplay(ffi::egl::PLATFORM_GBM_KHR, display as *mut _, ptr::null()))
         } else if has_dp_extension("EGL_MESA_platform_gbm") && ffi::egl::GetPlatformDisplayEXT::is_loaded() {
             trace!(log, "EGL Display Initialization via EGL_MESA_platform_gbm");
-            ffi::egl::GetPlatformDisplayEXT(ffi::egl::PLATFORM_GBM_MESA, display as *mut _, ptr::null())
+            wrap_egl_call(|| ffi::egl::GetPlatformDisplayEXT(ffi::egl::PLATFORM_GBM_MESA, display as *mut _, ptr::null()))
         } else if has_dp_extension("EGL_MESA_platform_gbm") && ffi::egl::GetPlatformDisplay::is_loaded() {
             trace!(log, "EGL Display Initialization via EGL_MESA_platform_gbm");
-            ffi::egl::GetPlatformDisplay(ffi::egl::PLATFORM_GBM_MESA, display as *mut _, ptr::null())
+            wrap_egl_call(|| ffi::egl::GetPlatformDisplay(ffi::egl::PLATFORM_GBM_MESA, display as *mut _, ptr::null()))
         } else {
             trace!(log, "Default EGL Display Initialization via GetDisplay");
-            ffi::egl::GetDisplay(display as *mut _)
+            wrap_egl_call(|| ffi::egl::GetDisplay(display as *mut _))
         }
     }
 }
@@ -59,7 +58,7 @@ unsafe impl<D: RawDevice + ControlDevice + 'static> NativeDisplay<Gbm<D>> for Gb
         true
     }
 
-    fn ptr(&self) -> Result<ffi::NativeDisplayType, EglError> {
+    fn ptr(&self) -> Result<ffi::NativeDisplayType, EglBackendError> {
         Ok(self.dev.borrow().as_raw() as *const _)
     }
 
@@ -69,6 +68,8 @@ unsafe impl<D: RawDevice + ControlDevice + 'static> NativeDisplay<Gbm<D>> for Gb
 }
 
 unsafe impl<D: RawDevice + 'static> NativeSurface for GbmSurface<D> {
+    type Error = Error<<<D as RawDevice>::Surface as Surface>::Error>;
+
     fn ptr(&self) -> ffi::NativeWindowType {
         self.0.surface.borrow().as_raw() as *const _
     }
@@ -77,25 +78,13 @@ unsafe impl<D: RawDevice + 'static> NativeSurface for GbmSurface<D> {
         self.needs_recreation()
     }
 
-    fn recreate(&self) -> bool {
+    fn recreate(&self) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
-        if let Err(err) = GbmSurface::recreate(self) {
+        GbmSurface::recreate(self)
-            error!(self.0.logger, "Failure recreating internal resources: {}", err);
-            false
-        } else {
-            true
-        }
     }
 
-    fn swap_buffers(&self) -> ::std::result::Result<(), SwapBuffersError> {
+    fn swap_buffers(&self) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
         // this is safe since `eglSwapBuffers` will have been called exactly once
         // if this is used by our egl module, which is why this trait is unsafe.
-        match unsafe { self.page_flip() } {
+        unsafe { self.page_flip() }
-            Ok(()) => Ok(()),
-            Err(Error::FrontBuffersExhausted) => Err(SwapBuffersError::AlreadySwapped),
-            Err(err) => {
-                warn!(self.0.logger, "Page flip failed: {}", err);
-                Err(SwapBuffersError::Unknown(0))
-            }
-        }
     }
 }

src/backend/drm/gbm/mod.rs

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 //!
 
 use super::{Device, DeviceHandler, RawDevice, ResourceHandles, Surface};
+use crate::backend::graphics::SwapBuffersError;
 
 use drm::control::{connector, crtc, encoder, framebuffer, plane, Device as ControlDevice, Mode};
 use drm::SystemError as DrmError;
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ use std::sync::Once;
 /// Errors thrown by the [`GbmDevice`](::backend::drm::gbm::GbmDevice)
 /// and [`GbmSurface`](::backend::drm::gbm::GbmSurface).
 #[derive(thiserror::Error, Debug)]
-pub enum Error<U: std::error::Error + std::fmt::Debug + std::fmt::Display + 'static> {
+pub enum Error<U: std::error::Error + 'static> {
     /// Creation of GBM device failed
     #[error("Creation of GBM device failed")]
     InitFailed(#[source] io::Error),
@@ -256,3 +257,21 @@ impl<D: RawDevice + ControlDevice + 'static> Drop for GbmDevice<D> {
         self.clear_handler();
     }
 }
+
+impl<E> Into<SwapBuffersError> for Error<E>
+where
+    E: std::error::Error + Into<SwapBuffersError> + 'static
+{
+    fn into(self) -> SwapBuffersError {
+        match self {
+            Error::FrontBuffersExhausted => SwapBuffersError::AlreadySwapped,
+            Error::FramebufferCreationFailed(x) if match x.get_ref() {
+                &drm::SystemError::Unknown { errno: nix::errno::Errno::EBUSY } => true,
+                &drm::SystemError::Unknown { errno: nix::errno::Errno::EINTR } => true,
+                _ => false
+            } => SwapBuffersError::TemporaryFailure(Box::new(x)),
+            Error::Underlying(x) => x.into(),
+            x => SwapBuffersError::ContextLost(Box::new(x)),
+        }
+    }
+}

src/backend/egl/context.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 //! EGL context related structs
 
-use super::{ffi, Error};
+use super::{ffi, Error, MakeCurrentError, wrap_egl_call};
 use crate::backend::egl::display::{EGLDisplay, EGLDisplayHandle};
 use crate::backend::egl::native::NativeSurface;
 use crate::backend::egl::{native, EGLSurface};
-use crate::backend::graphics::{PixelFormat, SwapBuffersError};
+use crate::backend::graphics::PixelFormat;
 use std::os::raw::c_int;
 use std::ptr;
 use std::sync::Arc;
@@ -93,21 +93,14 @@ impl EGLContext {
 
         trace!(log, "Creating EGL context...");
         // TODO: Support shared contexts
-        let context = unsafe {
+        let context = wrap_egl_call(|| unsafe {
             ffi::egl::CreateContext(
                 **display.display,
                 config_id,
                 ptr::null(),
                 context_attributes.as_ptr(),
             )
-        };
+        }).map_err(Error::CreationFailed)?;
-
-        if context.is_null() {
-            match unsafe { ffi::egl::GetError() } as u32 {
-                ffi::egl::BAD_ATTRIBUTE => return Err(Error::CreationFailed),
-                err_no => return Err(Error::Unknown(err_no)),
-            }
-        }
 
         info!(log, "EGL context created");
 
@@ -129,22 +122,13 @@ impl EGLContext {
     pub unsafe fn make_current_with_surface<N>(
         &self,
         surface: &EGLSurface<N>,
-    ) -> ::std::result::Result<(), SwapBuffersError>
+    ) -> Result<(), MakeCurrentError>
     where
         N: NativeSurface,
     {
         let surface_ptr = surface.surface.get();
 
-        let ret = ffi::egl::MakeCurrent(**self.display, surface_ptr, surface_ptr, self.context);
+        wrap_egl_call(|| ffi::egl::MakeCurrent(**self.display, surface_ptr, surface_ptr, self.context)).map(|_| ()).map_err(Into::into)
-
-        if ret == 0 {
-            match ffi::egl::GetError() as u32 {
-                ffi::egl::CONTEXT_LOST => Err(SwapBuffersError::ContextLost),
-                err => panic!("eglMakeCurrent failed (eglGetError returned 0x{:x})", err),
-            }
-        } else {
-            Ok(())
-        }
     }
 
     /// Makes the OpenGL context the current context in the current thread with no surface bound.
@@ -152,18 +136,9 @@ impl EGLContext {
     /// # Safety
     ///
     /// This function is marked unsafe, because the context cannot be made current
-    /// on multiple threads.
+    /// on multiple threads without being unbound again (see `unbind`)
-    pub unsafe fn make_current(&self) -> ::std::result::Result<(), SwapBuffersError> {
+    pub unsafe fn make_current(&self) -> Result<(), MakeCurrentError> {
-        let ret = ffi::egl::MakeCurrent(**self.display, ptr::null(), ptr::null(), self.context);
+        wrap_egl_call(|| ffi::egl::MakeCurrent(**self.display, ffi::egl::NO_SURFACE, ffi::egl::NO_SURFACE, self.context)).map(|_| ()).map_err(Into::into)
-
-        if ret == 0 {
-            match ffi::egl::GetError() as u32 {
-                ffi::egl::CONTEXT_LOST => Err(SwapBuffersError::ContextLost),
-                err => panic!("eglMakeCurrent failed (eglGetError returned 0x{:x})", err),
-            }
-        } else {
-            Ok(())
-        }
     }
 
     /// Returns true if the OpenGL context is the current one in the thread.
@@ -180,16 +155,24 @@ impl EGLContext {
     pub fn get_pixel_format(&self) -> PixelFormat {
         self.pixel_format
     }
+    
+    /// Unbinds this context from the current thread, if set.
+    ///
+    /// This does nothing if this context is not the current context
+    pub fn unbind(&self) -> Result<(), MakeCurrentError> {
+        if self.is_current() {
+            wrap_egl_call(|| unsafe { ffi::egl::MakeCurrent(**self.display, ffi::egl::NO_SURFACE, ffi::egl::NO_SURFACE, ffi::egl::NO_CONTEXT)})?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
 }
 
 impl Drop for EGLContext {
     fn drop(&mut self) {
         unsafe {
             // We need to ensure the context is unbound, otherwise it egl stalls the destroy call
-            if ffi::egl::GetCurrentContext() == self.context as *const _ {
+            // ignore failures at this point
-                ffi::egl::MakeCurrent(ptr::null(), ptr::null(), ptr::null(), ptr::null());
+            let _ = self.unbind();
-            }
-
             ffi::egl::DestroyContext(**self.display, self.context);
         }
     }
@@ -270,7 +253,7 @@ impl Default for PixelFormatRequirements {
 
 impl PixelFormatRequirements {
     /// Append the  requirements to the given attribute list
-    pub fn create_attributes(&self, out: &mut Vec<c_int>, logger: &slog::Logger) -> Result<(), Error> {
+    pub fn create_attributes(&self, out: &mut Vec<c_int>, logger: &slog::Logger) -> Result<(), ()> {
         if let Some(hardware_accelerated) = self.hardware_accelerated {
             out.push(ffi::egl::CONFIG_CAVEAT as c_int);
             out.push(if hardware_accelerated {
@@ -328,7 +311,7 @@ impl PixelFormatRequirements {
 
         if self.stereoscopy {
             error!(logger, "Stereoscopy is currently unsupported (sorry!)");
-            return Err(Error::NoAvailablePixelFormat);
+            return Err(()); 
         }
 
         Ok(())

src/backend/egl/display.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 #[cfg(feature = "use_system_lib")]
 use crate::backend::egl::EGLGraphicsBackend;
 use crate::backend::egl::{
-    ffi, get_proc_address, native, BufferAccessError, EGLContext, EGLImages, EGLSurface, Error, Format,
+    ffi, get_proc_address, native, BufferAccessError, SurfaceCreationError, EGLContext, EGLImages, EGLSurface, Error, Format, EGLError, wrap_egl_call,
 };
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ impl Deref for EGLDisplayHandle {
 impl Drop for EGLDisplayHandle {
     fn drop(&mut self) {
         unsafe {
+            // ignore errors on drop
             ffi::egl::Terminate(self.handle);
         }
     }
@@ -93,7 +94,7 @@ impl<B: native::Backend, N: native::NativeDisplay<B>> EGLDisplay<B, N> {
 
         // the first step is to query the list of extensions without any display, if supported
         let dp_extensions = unsafe {
-            let p = ffi::egl::QueryString(ffi::egl::NO_DISPLAY, ffi::egl::EXTENSIONS as i32);
+            let p = wrap_egl_call(|| ffi::egl::QueryString(ffi::egl::NO_DISPLAY, ffi::egl::EXTENSIONS as i32)).map_err(Error::InitFailed)?;
 
             // this possibility is available only with EGL 1.5 or EGL_EXT_platform_base, otherwise
             // `eglQueryString` returns an error
@@ -105,23 +106,16 @@ impl<B: native::Backend, N: native::NativeDisplay<B>> EGLDisplay<B, N> {
                 list.split(' ').map(|e| e.to_string()).collect::<Vec<_>>()
             }
         };
-
         debug!(log, "EGL No-Display Extensions: {:?}", dp_extensions);
 
-        let display =
+        let display = unsafe { B::get_display(ptr, |e: &str| dp_extensions.iter().any(|s| s == e), log.clone()).map_err(Error::DisplayNotSupported)? };
-            unsafe { B::get_display(ptr, |e: &str| dp_extensions.iter().any(|s| s == e), log.clone()) };
-        if display == ffi::egl::NO_DISPLAY {
-            error!(log, "EGL Display is not valid");
-            return Err(Error::DisplayNotSupported);
-        }
 
         let egl_version = {
             let mut major: MaybeUninit<ffi::egl::types::EGLint> = MaybeUninit::uninit();
             let mut minor: MaybeUninit<ffi::egl::types::EGLint> = MaybeUninit::uninit();
 
-            if unsafe { ffi::egl::Initialize(display, major.as_mut_ptr(), minor.as_mut_ptr()) } == 0 {
+            wrap_egl_call(|| unsafe { ffi::egl::Initialize(display, major.as_mut_ptr(), minor.as_mut_ptr()) }).map_err(Error::InitFailed)?;
-                return Err(Error::InitFailed);
+            
-            }
             let major = unsafe { major.assume_init() };
             let minor = unsafe { minor.assume_init() };
 
@@ -134,19 +128,18 @@ impl<B: native::Backend, N: native::NativeDisplay<B>> EGLDisplay<B, N> {
         // the list of extensions supported by the client once initialized is different from the
         // list of extensions obtained earlier
         let extensions = if egl_version >= (1, 2) {
-            let p = unsafe { CStr::from_ptr(ffi::egl::QueryString(display, ffi::egl::EXTENSIONS as i32)) };
+            let p = unsafe { CStr::from_ptr(wrap_egl_call(|| ffi::egl::QueryString(display, ffi::egl::EXTENSIONS as i32)).map_err(Error::InitFailed)?) };
             let list = String::from_utf8(p.to_bytes().to_vec()).unwrap_or_else(|_| String::new());
             list.split(' ').map(|e| e.to_string()).collect::<Vec<_>>()
         } else {
             vec![]
         };
-
         info!(log, "EGL Extensions: {:?}", extensions);
 
-        if egl_version >= (1, 2) && unsafe { ffi::egl::BindAPI(ffi::egl::OPENGL_ES_API) } == 0 {
+        if egl_version >= (1, 2) {
-            error!(log, "OpenGLES not supported by the underlying EGL implementation");
+            return Err(Error::OpenGlesNotSupported(None));
-            return Err(Error::OpenGlesNotSupported);
         }
+        wrap_egl_call(|| unsafe { ffi::egl::BindAPI(ffi::egl::OPENGL_ES_API) }).map_err(|source| Error::OpenGlesNotSupported(Some(source)))?;
 
         Ok(EGLDisplay {
             native: RefCell::new(native),
@@ -219,15 +212,15 @@ impl<B: native::Backend, N: native::NativeDisplay<B>> EGLDisplay<B, N> {
                 }
             };
 
-            reqs.create_attributes(&mut out, &self.logger)?;
+            reqs.create_attributes(&mut out, &self.logger).map_err(|()| Error::NoAvailablePixelFormat)?;
 
             out.push(ffi::egl::NONE as c_int);
             out
         };
 
         // calling `eglChooseConfig`
-        let mut num_configs = unsafe { std::mem::zeroed() };
+        let mut num_configs = 0;
-        if unsafe {
+        wrap_egl_call(|| unsafe {
             ffi::egl::ChooseConfig(
                 **self.display,
                 descriptor.as_ptr(),
@@ -235,18 +228,13 @@ impl<B: native::Backend, N: native::NativeDisplay<B>> EGLDisplay<B, N> {
                 0,
                 &mut num_configs,
             )
-        } == 0
+        }).map_err(Error::ConfigFailed)?;
-        {
-            return Err(Error::ConfigFailed);
-        }
-
         if num_configs == 0 {
             return Err(Error::NoAvailablePixelFormat);
         }
 
-        let mut config_ids = Vec::with_capacity(num_configs as usize);
+        let mut config_ids: Vec<ffi::egl::types::EGLConfig> = Vec::with_capacity(num_configs as usize);
-        config_ids.resize_with(num_configs as usize, || unsafe { std::mem::zeroed() });
+        wrap_egl_call(|| unsafe {
-        if unsafe {
             ffi::egl::ChooseConfig(
                 **self.display,
                 descriptor.as_ptr(),
@@ -254,44 +242,43 @@ impl<B: native::Backend, N: native::NativeDisplay<B>> EGLDisplay<B, N> {
                 num_configs,
                 &mut num_configs,
             )
-        } == 0
+        }).map_err(Error::ConfigFailed)?;
-        {
+        unsafe { config_ids.set_len(num_configs as usize); }
-            return Err(Error::ConfigFailed);
-        }
 
         // TODO: Deeper swap intervals might have some uses
         let desired_swap_interval = if attributes.vsync { 1 } else { 0 };
 
         let config_ids = config_ids
             .into_iter()
-            .filter(|&config| unsafe {
+            .map(|config| unsafe {
                 let mut min_swap_interval = 0;
-                ffi::egl::GetConfigAttrib(
+                wrap_egl_call(|| ffi::egl::GetConfigAttrib(
                     **self.display,
                     config,
                     ffi::egl::MIN_SWAP_INTERVAL as ffi::egl::types::EGLint,
                     &mut min_swap_interval,
-                );
+                ))?;
 
                 if desired_swap_interval < min_swap_interval {
-                    return false;
+                    return Ok(None);
                 }
 
                 let mut max_swap_interval = 0;
-                ffi::egl::GetConfigAttrib(
+                wrap_egl_call(|| ffi::egl::GetConfigAttrib(
                     **self.display,
                     config,
                     ffi::egl::MAX_SWAP_INTERVAL as ffi::egl::types::EGLint,
                     &mut max_swap_interval,
-                );
+                ))?;
 
                 if desired_swap_interval > max_swap_interval {
-                    return false;
+                    return Ok(None);
                 }
 
-                true
+                Ok(Some(config))
             })
-            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+            .collect::<Result<Vec<Option<ffi::egl::types::EGLConfig>>, EGLError>>().map_err(Error::ConfigFailed)?
+            .into_iter().flat_map(|x| x).collect::<Vec<_>>();
 
         if config_ids.is_empty() {
             return Err(Error::NoAvailablePixelFormat);
@@ -304,15 +291,12 @@ impl<B: native::Backend, N: native::NativeDisplay<B>> EGLDisplay<B, N> {
         macro_rules! attrib {
             ($display:expr, $config:expr, $attr:expr) => {{
                 let mut value = MaybeUninit::uninit();
-                let res = ffi::egl::GetConfigAttrib(
+                wrap_egl_call(|| ffi::egl::GetConfigAttrib(
                     **$display,
                     $config,
                     $attr as ffi::egl::types::EGLint,
                     value.as_mut_ptr(),
-                );
+                )).map_err(Error::ConfigFailed)?;
-                if res == 0 {
-                    return Err(Error::ConfigFailed);
-                }
                 value.assume_init()
             }};
         };
@@ -357,12 +341,9 @@ impl<B: native::Backend, N: native::NativeDisplay<B>> EGLDisplay<B, N> {
         double_buffer: Option<bool>,
         config: ffi::egl::types::EGLConfig,
         args: N::Arguments,
-    ) -> Result<EGLSurface<B::Surface>, Error> {
+    ) -> Result<EGLSurface<B::Surface>, SurfaceCreationError<N::Error>> {
         trace!(self.logger, "Creating EGL window surface.");
-        let surface = self.native.borrow_mut().create_surface(args).map_err(|e| {
+        let surface = self.native.borrow_mut().create_surface(args).map_err(SurfaceCreationError::NativeSurfaceCreationFailed)?;
-            error!(self.logger, "EGL surface creation failed: {}", e);
-            Error::SurfaceCreationFailed
-        })?;
 
         EGLSurface::new(
             self.display.clone(),
@@ -375,7 +356,7 @@ impl<B: native::Backend, N: native::NativeDisplay<B>> EGLDisplay<B, N> {
         .map(|x| {
             debug!(self.logger, "EGL surface successfully created");
             x
-        })
+        }).map_err(SurfaceCreationError::EGLSurfaceCreationFailed)
     }
 
     /// Returns the runtime egl version of this display
@@ -426,10 +407,7 @@ impl<B: native::Backend, N: native::NativeDisplay<B>> EGLGraphicsBackend for EGL
         if !self.extensions.iter().any(|s| s == "EGL_WL_bind_wayland_display") {
             return Err(Error::EglExtensionNotSupported(&["EGL_WL_bind_wayland_display"]));
         }
-        let res = unsafe { ffi::egl::BindWaylandDisplayWL(**self.display, display.c_ptr() as *mut _) };
+        wrap_egl_call(|| unsafe { ffi::egl::BindWaylandDisplayWL(**self.display, display.c_ptr() as *mut _) }).map_err(Error::OtherEGLDisplayAlreadyBound)?;
-        if res == 0 {
-            return Err(Error::OtherEGLDisplayAlreadyBound);
-        }
         Ok(EGLBufferReader::new(self.display.clone(), display.c_ptr()))
     }
 }
@@ -469,16 +447,15 @@ impl EGLBufferReader {
         buffer: WlBuffer,
     ) -> ::std::result::Result<EGLImages, BufferAccessError> {
         let mut format: i32 = 0;
-        if unsafe {
+        wrap_egl_call(|| unsafe {
             ffi::egl::QueryWaylandBufferWL(
                 **self.display,
                 buffer.as_ref().c_ptr() as _,
                 ffi::egl::EGL_TEXTURE_FORMAT,
                 &mut format,
-            ) == 0
+            )
-        } {
+        }).map_err(|source| BufferAccessError::NotManaged(buffer.clone(), source))?;
-            return Err(BufferAccessError::NotManaged(buffer));
+        
-        }
         let format = match format {
             x if x == ffi::egl::TEXTURE_RGB as i32 => Format::RGB,
             x if x == ffi::egl::TEXTURE_RGBA as i32 => Format::RGBA,
@@ -490,40 +467,34 @@ impl EGLBufferReader {
         };
 
         let mut width: i32 = 0;
-        if unsafe {
+        wrap_egl_call(|| unsafe {
             ffi::egl::QueryWaylandBufferWL(
                 **self.display,
                 buffer.as_ref().c_ptr() as _,
                 ffi::egl::WIDTH as i32,
                 &mut width,
-            ) == 0
+            )
-        } {
+        }).map_err(|source| BufferAccessError::NotManaged(buffer.clone(), source))?;
-            return Err(BufferAccessError::NotManaged(buffer));
-        }
 
         let mut height: i32 = 0;
-        if unsafe {
+        wrap_egl_call(|| unsafe {
             ffi::egl::QueryWaylandBufferWL(
                 **self.display,
                 buffer.as_ref().c_ptr() as _,
                 ffi::egl::HEIGHT as i32,
                 &mut height,
-            ) == 0
+            )
-        } {
+        }).map_err(|source| BufferAccessError::NotManaged(buffer.clone(), source))?;
-            return Err(BufferAccessError::NotManaged(buffer));
-        }
 
         let mut inverted: i32 = 0;
-        if unsafe {
+        wrap_egl_call(|| unsafe {
             ffi::egl::QueryWaylandBufferWL(
                 **self.display,
                 buffer.as_ref().c_ptr() as _,
                 ffi::egl::WAYLAND_Y_INVERTED_WL,
                 &mut inverted,
-            ) != 0
+            )
-        } {
+        }).map_err(|source| BufferAccessError::NotManaged(buffer.clone(), source))?;
-            inverted = 1;
-        }
 
         let mut images = Vec::with_capacity(format.num_planes());
         for i in 0..format.num_planes() {
@@ -533,7 +504,7 @@ impl EGLBufferReader {
             out.push(ffi::egl::NONE as i32);
 
             images.push({
-                let image = unsafe {
+                let image = wrap_egl_call(|| unsafe {
                     ffi::egl::CreateImageKHR(
                         **self.display,
                         ffi::egl::NO_CONTEXT,
@@ -541,12 +512,8 @@ impl EGLBufferReader {
                         buffer.as_ref().c_ptr() as *mut _,
                         out.as_ptr(),
                     )
-                };
+                }).map_err(BufferAccessError::EGLImageCreationFailed)?;
-                if image == ffi::egl::NO_IMAGE_KHR {
+                image
-                    return Err(BufferAccessError::EGLImageCreationFailed);
-                } else {
-                    image
-                }
             });
         }
 
@@ -601,6 +568,7 @@ impl Drop for EGLBufferReader {
     fn drop(&mut self) {
         if !self.wayland.is_null() {
             unsafe {
+                // ignore errors on drop
                 ffi::egl::UnbindWaylandDisplayWL(**self.display, self.wayland as _);
             }
         }

src/backend/egl/error.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+use super::ffi;
+
 #[derive(thiserror::Error, Debug)]
 /// EGL errors
 pub enum Error {
@@ -5,8 +7,8 @@ pub enum Error {
     #[error("The requested OpenGL version {0:?} is not supported")]
     OpenGlVersionNotSupported((u8, u8)),
     /// The EGL implementation does not support creating OpenGL ES contexts
-    #[error("The EGL implementation does not support creating OpenGL ES contexts")]
+    #[error("The EGL implementation does not support creating OpenGL ES contexts. Err: {0:?}")]
-    OpenGlesNotSupported,
+    OpenGlesNotSupported(#[source] Option<EGLError>),
     /// No available pixel format matched the criteria
     #[error("No available pixel format matched the criteria")]
     NoAvailablePixelFormat,
@@ -14,26 +16,23 @@ pub enum Error {
     #[error("The expected backend '{0:?}' does not match the runtime")]
     NonMatchingBackend(&'static str),
     /// Unable to obtain a valid EGL Display
-    #[error("Unable to obtain a valid EGL Display")]
+    #[error("Unable to obtain a valid EGL Display. Err: {0:}")]
-    DisplayNotSupported,
+    DisplayNotSupported(#[source] EGLError),
     /// `eglInitialize` returned an error
-    #[error("Failed to initialize EGL")]
+    #[error("Failed to initialize EGL. Err: {0:}")]
-    InitFailed,
+    InitFailed(#[source] EGLError),
     /// Failed to configure the EGL context
     #[error("Failed to configure the EGL context")]
-    ConfigFailed,
+    ConfigFailed(#[source] EGLError),
     /// Context creation failed as one or more requirements could not be met. Try removing some gl attributes or pixel format requirements
-    #[error("Context creation failed as one or more requirements could not be met. Try removing some gl attributes or pixel format requirements")]
+    #[error("Context creation failed as one or more requirements could not be met. Try removing some gl attributes or pixel format requirements. Err: {0:}")]
-    CreationFailed,
+    CreationFailed(#[source] EGLError),
-    /// `eglCreateWindowSurface` failed
-    #[error("`eglCreateWindowSurface` failed")]
-    SurfaceCreationFailed,
     /// The required EGL extension is not supported by the underlying EGL implementation
     #[error("None of the following EGL extensions is supported by the underlying EGL implementation, at least one is required: {0:?}")]
     EglExtensionNotSupported(&'static [&'static str]),
     /// Only one EGLDisplay may be bound to a given `WlDisplay` at any time
     #[error("Only one EGLDisplay may be bound to a given `WlDisplay` at any time")]
-    OtherEGLDisplayAlreadyBound,
+    OtherEGLDisplayAlreadyBound(#[source] EGLError),
     /// No EGLDisplay is currently bound to this `WlDisplay`
     #[error("No EGLDisplay is currently bound to this `WlDisplay`")]
     NoEGLDisplayBound,
@@ -43,7 +42,89 @@ pub enum Error {
     /// Failed to create `EGLImages` from the buffer
     #[error("Failed to create `EGLImages` from the buffer")]
     EGLImageCreationFailed,
-    /// The reason of failure could not be determined
+}
-    #[error("Unknown error: {0}")]
+
+/// Raw EGL error
+#[derive(thiserror::Error, Debug)]
+pub enum EGLError {
+    /// EGL is not initialized, or could not be initialized, for the specified EGL display connection.
+    #[error("EGL is not initialized, or could not be initialized, for the specified EGL display connection.")]
+    NotInitialized,
+    /// EGL cannot access a requested resource (for example a context is bound in another thread).
+    #[error("EGL cannot access a requested resource (for example a context is bound in another thread).")]
+    BadAccess,
+    /// EGL failed to allocate resources for the requested operation.
+    #[error("EGL failed to allocate resources for the requested operation.")]
+    BadAlloc,
+    /// An unrecognized attribute or attribute value was passed in the attribute list.
+    #[error("An unrecognized attribute or attribute value was passed in the attribute list.")]
+    BadAttribute,
+    /// An EGLContext argument does not name a valid EGL rendering context.
+    #[error("An EGLContext argument does not name a valid EGL rendering context.")]
+    BadContext,
+    /// An EGLConfig argument does not name a valid EGL frame buffer configuration.
+    #[error("An EGLConfig argument does not name a valid EGL frame buffer configuration.")]
+    BadConfig,
+    /// The current surface of the calling thread is a window, pixel buffer or pixmap that is no longer valid.
+    #[error("The current surface of the calling thread is a window, pixel buffer or pixmap that is no longer valid.")]
+    BadCurrentSurface,
+    /// An EGLDisplay argument does not name a valid EGL display connection.
+    #[error("An EGLDisplay argument does not name a valid EGL display connection.")]
+    BadDisplay,
+    /// An EGLSurface argument does not name a valid surface (window, pixel buffer or pixmap) configured for GL rendering.
+    #[error("An EGLSurface argument does not name a valid surface (window, pixel buffer or pixmap) configured for GL rendering.")]
+    BadSurface,
+    /// Arguments are inconsistent (for example, a valid context requires buffers not supplied by a valid surface).
+    #[error("Arguments are inconsistent (for example, a valid context requires buffers not supplied by a valid surface).")]
+    BadMatch,
+    /// One or more argument values are invalid.
+    #[error("One or more argument values are invalid.")]
+    BadParameter,
+    /// A NativePixmapType argument does not refer to a valid native pixmap.
+    #[error("A NativePixmapType argument does not refer to a valid native pixmap.")]
+    BadNativePixmap,
+    /// A NativeWindowType argument does not refer to a valid native window.
+    #[error("A NativeWindowType argument does not refer to a valid native window.")]
+    BadNativeWindow,
+    /// A power management event has occurred. The application must destroy all contexts and reinitialise OpenGL ES state and objects to continue rendering.
+    #[error("A power management event has occurred. The application must destroy all contexts and reinitialise OpenGL ES state and objects to continue rendering.")]
+    ContextLost,
+    /// An unknown error
+    #[error("An unknown error ({0:x})")]    
     Unknown(u32),
 }
+
+impl From<u32> for EGLError {
+    fn from(value: u32) -> Self {
+        match value {
+            ffi::egl::NOT_INITIALIZED => EGLError::NotInitialized,
+            ffi::egl::BAD_ACCESS => EGLError::BadAccess,
+            ffi::egl::BAD_ALLOC => EGLError::BadAlloc,
+            ffi::egl::BAD_ATTRIBUTE => EGLError::BadAttribute,
+            ffi::egl::BAD_CONTEXT => EGLError::BadContext,
+            ffi::egl::BAD_CURRENT_SURFACE => EGLError::BadCurrentSurface,
+            ffi::egl::BAD_DISPLAY => EGLError::BadDisplay,
+            ffi::egl::BAD_SURFACE => EGLError::BadSurface,
+            ffi::egl::BAD_MATCH => EGLError::BadMatch,
+            ffi::egl::BAD_PARAMETER => EGLError::BadParameter,
+            ffi::egl::BAD_NATIVE_PIXMAP => EGLError::BadNativePixmap,
+            ffi::egl::BAD_NATIVE_WINDOW => EGLError::BadNativeWindow,
+            ffi::egl::CONTEXT_LOST => EGLError::ContextLost,
+            x => EGLError::Unknown(x),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl EGLError {
+    fn from_last_call() -> Result<(), EGLError> {
+        match unsafe { ffi::egl::GetError() as u32 } {
+            ffi::egl::SUCCESS => Ok(()),
+            x => Err(EGLError::from(x)),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn wrap_egl_call<R, F: FnOnce() -> R>(call: F) -> Result<R, EGLError> {
+    let res = call();
+    EGLError::from_last_call().map(|()| res)
+}

src/backend/egl/mod.rs

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 //! of an EGL-based [`WlBuffer`](wayland_server::protocol::wl_buffer::WlBuffer) for rendering.
 
 #[cfg(feature = "renderer_gl")]
-use crate::backend::graphics::gl::{ffi as gl_ffi, GLGraphicsBackend};
+use crate::backend::graphics::{SwapBuffersError as GraphicsSwapBuffersError, gl::{ffi as gl_ffi, GLGraphicsBackend}};
 use nix::libc::c_uint;
 use std::fmt;
 #[cfg(feature = "wayland_frontend")]
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ use wayland_server::{protocol::wl_buffer::WlBuffer, Display};
 pub mod context;
 pub use self::context::EGLContext;
 mod error;
-pub use self::error::Error;
+pub use self::error::*;
 
 use nix::libc::c_void;
 
@@ -84,11 +84,11 @@ pub enum BufferAccessError {
     #[error("The corresponding context was lost")]
     ContextLost,
     /// This buffer is not managed by the EGL buffer
-    #[error("This buffer is not managed by EGL")]
+    #[error("This buffer is not managed by EGL. Err: {1:}")]
-    NotManaged(WlBuffer),
+    NotManaged(WlBuffer, #[source] EGLError),
     /// Failed to create `EGLImages` from the buffer
-    #[error("Failed to create EGLImages from the buffer")]
+    #[error("Failed to create EGLImages from the buffer. Err: {0:}")]
-    EGLImageCreationFailed,
+    EGLImageCreationFailed(#[source] EGLError),
     /// The required EGL extension is not supported by the underlying EGL implementation
     #[error("{0}")]
     EglExtensionNotSupported(#[from] EglExtensionNotSupportedError),
@@ -99,8 +99,8 @@ impl fmt::Debug for BufferAccessError {
     fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> ::std::result::Result<(), fmt::Error> {
         match *self {
             BufferAccessError::ContextLost => write!(formatter, "BufferAccessError::ContextLost"),
-            BufferAccessError::NotManaged(_) => write!(formatter, "BufferAccessError::NotManaged"),
+            BufferAccessError::NotManaged(_, _) => write!(formatter, "BufferAccessError::NotManaged"),
-            BufferAccessError::EGLImageCreationFailed => {
+            BufferAccessError::EGLImageCreationFailed(_) => {
                 write!(formatter, "BufferAccessError::EGLImageCreationFailed")
             }
             BufferAccessError::EglExtensionNotSupported(ref err) => write!(formatter, "{:?}", err),
@@ -108,6 +108,78 @@ impl fmt::Debug for BufferAccessError {
     }
 }
 
+/// Error that can occur when creating a surface.
+#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
+pub enum SurfaceCreationError<E: std::error::Error + 'static> {
+    /// Native Surface creation failed
+    #[error("Surface creation failed. Err: {0:}")]
+    NativeSurfaceCreationFailed(#[source] E),
+    /// EGL surface creation failed
+    #[error("EGL surface creation failed. Err: {0:}")]
+    EGLSurfaceCreationFailed(#[source] EGLError)
+}
+
+/// Error that can happen when swapping buffers.
+#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
+pub enum SwapBuffersError<E: std::error::Error + 'static> {
+    /// Error of the underlying native surface
+    #[error("Underlying error: {0:?}")]
+    Underlying(#[source] E),
+    /// EGL error during `eglSwapBuffers`
+    #[error("{0:}")]
+    EGLSwapBuffers(#[source] EGLError),
+    /// EGL error during `eglCreateWindowSurface`
+    #[error("{0:}")]
+    EGLCreateWindowSurface(#[source] EGLError),
+}
+
+impl<E: std::error::Error> std::convert::TryFrom<SwapBuffersError<E>> for GraphicsSwapBuffersError {
+    type Error=E;
+    fn try_from(value: SwapBuffersError<E>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        match value {
+            // bad surface is answered with a surface recreation in `swap_buffers`
+            x @ SwapBuffersError::EGLSwapBuffers(EGLError::BadSurface) => Ok(GraphicsSwapBuffersError::TemporaryFailure(Box::new(x))),
+            // the rest is either never happening or are unrecoverable
+            x @ SwapBuffersError::EGLSwapBuffers(_) => Ok(GraphicsSwapBuffersError::ContextLost(Box::new(x))),
+            x @ SwapBuffersError::EGLCreateWindowSurface(_) => Ok(GraphicsSwapBuffersError::ContextLost(Box::new(x))),
+            SwapBuffersError::Underlying(e) => Err(e),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Error that can happen when making a context (and surface) current on the active thread.
+#[derive(thiserror::Error, Debug)]
+#[error("`eglMakeCurrent` failed: {0}")]
+pub struct MakeCurrentError(#[from] EGLError);
+
+impl From<MakeCurrentError> for GraphicsSwapBuffersError {
+    fn from(err: MakeCurrentError) -> GraphicsSwapBuffersError {
+        match err {
+            /*
+            From khronos docs:
+                If draw or read are not compatible with context, then an EGL_BAD_MATCH error is generated.
+                If context is current to some other thread, or if either draw or read are bound to contexts in another thread, an EGL_BAD_ACCESS error is generated.
+                If binding context would exceed the number of current contexts of that client API type supported by the implementation, an EGL_BAD_ACCESS error is generated.
+                If either draw or read are pbuffers created with eglCreatePbufferFromClientBuffer, and the underlying bound client API buffers are in use by the client API that created them, an EGL_BAD_ACCESS error is generated.
+
+            Except for the first case all of these recoverable. This conversation is mostly used in winit & EglSurface, where compatible context and surfaces are build.
+            */
+            x @ MakeCurrentError(EGLError::BadAccess) => GraphicsSwapBuffersError::TemporaryFailure(Box::new(x)),
+            // BadSurface would result in a recreation in `eglSwapBuffers` -> recoverable
+            x @ MakeCurrentError(EGLError::BadSurface) => GraphicsSwapBuffersError::TemporaryFailure(Box::new(x)),
+            /*
+            From khronos docs:
+                If the previous context of the calling thread has unflushed commands, and the previous surface is no longer valid, an EGL_BAD_CURRENT_SURFACE error is generated.
+            
+            This does not consern this or future `makeCurrent`-calls.
+            */
+            x @ MakeCurrentError(EGLError::BadCurrentSurface) => GraphicsSwapBuffersError::TemporaryFailure(Box::new(x)),
+            // the rest is either never happening or are unrecoverable
+            x => GraphicsSwapBuffersError::ContextLost(Box::new(x)),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 /// Error that might happen when binding an `EGLImage` to a GL texture
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, thiserror::Error)]
 pub enum TextureCreationError {
@@ -249,6 +321,7 @@ impl EGLImages {
 impl Drop for EGLImages {
     fn drop(&mut self) {
         for image in self.images.drain(..) {
+            // ignore result on drop
             unsafe {
                 ffi::egl::DestroyImageKHR(**self.display, image);
             }

src/backend/egl/native.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 //! Type safe native types for safe context/surface creation
 
-use super::{ffi, Error};
+use super::{ffi, Error, EGLError, wrap_egl_call};
-use crate::backend::graphics::SwapBuffersError;
 
 #[cfg(feature = "backend_winit")]
 use std::ptr;
@@ -28,7 +27,7 @@ pub trait Backend {
         display: ffi::NativeDisplayType,
         has_dp_extension: F,
         log: ::slog::Logger,
-    ) -> ffi::egl::types::EGLDisplay;
+    ) -> Result<ffi::egl::types::EGLDisplay, EGLError>;
 }
 
 #[cfg(feature = "backend_winit")]
@@ -42,20 +41,20 @@ impl Backend for Wayland {
         display: ffi::NativeDisplayType,
         has_dp_extension: F,
         log: ::slog::Logger,
-    ) -> ffi::egl::types::EGLDisplay
+    ) -> Result<ffi::egl::types::EGLDisplay, EGLError>
     where
         F: Fn(&str) -> bool,
     {
         if has_dp_extension("EGL_KHR_platform_wayland") && ffi::egl::GetPlatformDisplay::is_loaded() {
             trace!(log, "EGL Display Initialization via EGL_KHR_platform_wayland");
-            ffi::egl::GetPlatformDisplay(ffi::egl::PLATFORM_WAYLAND_KHR, display as *mut _, ptr::null())
+            wrap_egl_call(|| ffi::egl::GetPlatformDisplay(ffi::egl::PLATFORM_WAYLAND_KHR, display as *mut _, ptr::null()))
         } else if has_dp_extension("EGL_EXT_platform_wayland") && ffi::egl::GetPlatformDisplayEXT::is_loaded()
         {
             trace!(log, "EGL Display Initialization via EGL_EXT_platform_wayland");
-            ffi::egl::GetPlatformDisplayEXT(ffi::egl::PLATFORM_WAYLAND_EXT, display as *mut _, ptr::null())
+            wrap_egl_call(|| ffi::egl::GetPlatformDisplayEXT(ffi::egl::PLATFORM_WAYLAND_EXT, display as *mut _, ptr::null()))
         } else {
             trace!(log, "Default EGL Display Initialization via GetDisplay");
-            ffi::egl::GetDisplay(display as *mut _)
+            wrap_egl_call(|| ffi::egl::GetDisplay(display as *mut _))
         }
     }
 }
@@ -74,19 +73,19 @@ impl Backend for X11 {
         display: ffi::NativeDisplayType,
         has_dp_extension: F,
         log: ::slog::Logger,
-    ) -> ffi::egl::types::EGLDisplay
+    ) -> Result<ffi::egl::types::EGLDisplay, EGLError>
     where
         F: Fn(&str) -> bool,
     {
         if has_dp_extension("EGL_KHR_platform_x11") && ffi::egl::GetPlatformDisplay::is_loaded() {
             trace!(log, "EGL Display Initialization via EGL_KHR_platform_x11");
-            ffi::egl::GetPlatformDisplay(ffi::egl::PLATFORM_X11_KHR, display as *mut _, ptr::null())
+            wrap_egl_call(|| ffi::egl::GetPlatformDisplay(ffi::egl::PLATFORM_X11_KHR, display as *mut _, ptr::null()))
         } else if has_dp_extension("EGL_EXT_platform_x11") && ffi::egl::GetPlatformDisplayEXT::is_loaded() {
             trace!(log, "EGL Display Initialization via EGL_EXT_platform_x11");
-            ffi::egl::GetPlatformDisplayEXT(ffi::egl::PLATFORM_X11_EXT, display as *mut _, ptr::null())
+            wrap_egl_call(|| ffi::egl::GetPlatformDisplayEXT(ffi::egl::PLATFORM_X11_EXT, display as *mut _, ptr::null()))
         } else {
             trace!(log, "Default EGL Display Initialization via GetDisplay");
-            ffi::egl::GetDisplay(display as *mut _)
+            wrap_egl_call(|| ffi::egl::GetDisplay(display as *mut _))
         }
     }
 }
@@ -107,7 +106,7 @@ pub unsafe trait NativeDisplay<B: Backend> {
     /// Return a raw pointer EGL will accept for context creation.
     fn ptr(&self) -> Result<ffi::NativeDisplayType, Error>;
     /// Create a surface
-    fn create_surface(&mut self, args: Self::Arguments) -> ::std::result::Result<B::Surface, Self::Error>;
+    fn create_surface(&mut self, args: Self::Arguments) -> Result<B::Surface, Self::Error>;
 }
 
 #[cfg(feature = "backend_winit")]
@@ -166,6 +165,9 @@ unsafe impl NativeDisplay<Wayland> for WinitWindow {
 /// The returned [`NativeWindowType`](ffi::NativeWindowType) must be valid for EGL
 /// and there is no way to test that.
 pub unsafe trait NativeSurface {
+    /// Error of the underlying surface
+    type Error: std::error::Error;
+
     /// Return a raw pointer egl will accept for surface creation.
     fn ptr(&self) -> ffi::NativeWindowType;
 
@@ -184,21 +186,33 @@ pub unsafe trait NativeSurface {
     /// Must only be implemented if `needs_recreation` can return `true`.
     /// Returns true on success.
     /// If this call was successful `ptr()` *should* return something different.
-    fn recreate(&self) -> bool {
+    fn recreate(&self) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
-        true
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     /// Adds additional semantics when calling
     /// [EGLSurface::swap_buffers](::backend::egl::surface::EGLSurface::swap_buffers)
     ///
     /// Only implement if required by the backend.
-    fn swap_buffers(&self) -> ::std::result::Result<(), SwapBuffersError> {
+    fn swap_buffers(&self) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
         Ok(())
     }
 }
 
+/// Hack until ! gets stablized
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum Never {}
+impl std::fmt::Display for Never {
+    fn fmt(&self, _f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result { unreachable!() }
+}
+impl std::error::Error for Never {}
+
 #[cfg(feature = "backend_winit")]
 unsafe impl NativeSurface for XlibWindow {
+    // this would really be a case for this:
+    // type Error = !; (https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/35121)
+    type Error = Never;
+
     fn ptr(&self) -> ffi::NativeWindowType {
         self.0 as *const _
     }
@@ -206,7 +220,10 @@ unsafe impl NativeSurface for XlibWindow {
 
 #[cfg(feature = "backend_winit")]
 unsafe impl NativeSurface for wegl::WlEglSurface {
+    // type Error = !;
+    type Error = Never;
+    
     fn ptr(&self) -> ffi::NativeWindowType {
         self.ptr() as *const _
     }
-}
+}

src/backend/egl/surface.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 //! EGL surface related structs
 
-use super::{ffi, native, Error};
+use super::{ffi, native, EGLError, SwapBuffersError, wrap_egl_call};
 use crate::backend::egl::display::EGLDisplayHandle;
-use crate::backend::graphics::{PixelFormat, SwapBuffersError};
+use crate::backend::graphics::PixelFormat;
 use nix::libc::c_int;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::{
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ impl<N: native::NativeSurface> EGLSurface<N> {
         config: ffi::egl::types::EGLConfig,
         native: N,
         log: L,
-    ) -> Result<EGLSurface<N>, Error>
+    ) -> Result<EGLSurface<N>, EGLError>
     where
         L: Into<Option<::slog::Logger>>,
     {
@@ -68,13 +68,9 @@ impl<N: native::NativeSurface> EGLSurface<N> {
             out
         };
 
-        let surface = unsafe {
+        let surface = wrap_egl_call(|| unsafe {
             ffi::egl::CreateWindowSurface(**display, config, native.ptr(), surface_attributes.as_ptr())
-        };
+        })?;
-
-        if surface.is_null() {
-            return Err(Error::SurfaceCreationFailed);
-        }
 
         Ok(EGLSurface {
             display,
@@ -87,35 +83,34 @@ impl<N: native::NativeSurface> EGLSurface<N> {
     }
 
     /// Swaps buffers at the end of a frame.
-    pub fn swap_buffers(&self) -> ::std::result::Result<(), SwapBuffersError> {
+    pub fn swap_buffers(&self) -> ::std::result::Result<(), SwapBuffersError<N::Error>> {
         let surface = self.surface.get();
 
-        if !surface.is_null() {
+        let result = if !surface.is_null() {
-            let ret = unsafe { ffi::egl::SwapBuffers(**self.display, surface as *const _) };
+            wrap_egl_call(|| unsafe { ffi::egl::SwapBuffers(**self.display, surface as *const _) })
+                .map_err(SwapBuffersError::EGLSwapBuffers)
+                .and_then(|_| self.native.swap_buffers().map_err(SwapBuffersError::Underlying))
+        } else { Ok(()) };
 
-            if ret == 0 {
+        // workaround for missing `PartialEq` impl
-                match unsafe { ffi::egl::GetError() } as u32 {
+        let is_bad_surface = if let Err(SwapBuffersError::EGLSwapBuffers(EGLError::BadSurface)) = result { true } else { false }; 
-                    ffi::egl::CONTEXT_LOST => return Err(SwapBuffersError::ContextLost),
+        
-                    err => return Err(SwapBuffersError::Unknown(err)),
+        if self.native.needs_recreation() || surface.is_null() || is_bad_surface {
-                };
+            self.native.recreate().map_err(SwapBuffersError::Underlying)?;
-            } else {
+            if !surface.is_null() {
-                self.native.swap_buffers()?;
+                let _ = unsafe { ffi::egl::DestroySurface(**self.display, surface as *const _) };
             }
-        };
-
-        if self.native.needs_recreation() || surface.is_null() {
-            self.native.recreate();
             self.surface.set(unsafe {
-                ffi::egl::CreateWindowSurface(
+                wrap_egl_call(|| ffi::egl::CreateWindowSurface(
                     **self.display,
                     self.config_id,
                     self.native.ptr(),
                     self.surface_attributes.as_ptr(),
-                )
+                )).map_err(SwapBuffersError::EGLCreateWindowSurface)?
             });
         }
 
-        Ok(())
+        result
     }
 
     /// Returns true if the OpenGL surface is the current one in the thread.

src/backend/graphics/glium.rs

@@ -4,35 +4,30 @@ use crate::backend::graphics::{gl::GLGraphicsBackend, SwapBuffersError};
 use glium::{
     backend::{Backend, Context, Facade},
     debug::DebugCallbackBehavior,
-    Frame, SwapBuffersError as GliumSwapBuffersError,
+    SwapBuffersError as GliumSwapBuffersError,
 };
 use std::{
-    cell::{Ref, RefCell, RefMut},
+    cell::{Cell, Ref, RefCell, RefMut},
     os::raw::c_void,
     rc::Rc,
 };
 
-impl From<SwapBuffersError> for GliumSwapBuffersError {
-    fn from(error: SwapBuffersError) -> Self {
-        match error {
-            SwapBuffersError::ContextLost => GliumSwapBuffersError::ContextLost,
-            SwapBuffersError::AlreadySwapped => GliumSwapBuffersError::AlreadySwapped,
-            SwapBuffersError::Unknown(_) => GliumSwapBuffersError::ContextLost, // TODO
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 /// Wrapper to expose `Glium` compatibility
 pub struct GliumGraphicsBackend<T: GLGraphicsBackend> {
     context: Rc<Context>,
     backend: Rc<InternalBackend<T>>,
+    // at least this type is not `Send` or even `Sync`.
+    // while there can be multiple Frames, they cannot in parallel call `set_finish`.
+    // so a buffer of the last error is sufficient, if always cleared...
+    error_channel: Rc<Cell<Option<Box<dyn std::error::Error>>>>,
 }
 
-struct InternalBackend<T: GLGraphicsBackend>(RefCell<T>);
+struct InternalBackend<T: GLGraphicsBackend>(RefCell<T>, Rc<Cell<Option<Box<dyn std::error::Error>>>>);
 
 impl<T: GLGraphicsBackend + 'static> GliumGraphicsBackend<T> {
     fn new(backend: T) -> GliumGraphicsBackend<T> {
-        let internal = Rc::new(InternalBackend(RefCell::new(backend)));
+        let error_channel = Rc::new(Cell::new(None));
+        let internal = Rc::new(InternalBackend(RefCell::new(backend), error_channel.clone()));
 
         GliumGraphicsBackend {
             // cannot fail
@@ -40,6 +35,7 @@ impl<T: GLGraphicsBackend + 'static> GliumGraphicsBackend<T> {
                 Context::new(internal.clone(), true, DebugCallbackBehavior::default()).unwrap()
             },
             backend: internal,
+            error_channel,
         }
     }
 
@@ -51,7 +47,7 @@ impl<T: GLGraphicsBackend + 'static> GliumGraphicsBackend<T> {
     /// Note that destroying a [`Frame`] is immediate, even if vsync is enabled.
     #[inline]
     pub fn draw(&self) -> Frame {
-        Frame::new(self.context.clone(), self.backend.get_framebuffer_dimensions())
+        Frame(glium::Frame::new(self.context.clone(), self.backend.get_framebuffer_dimensions()), self.error_channel.clone())
     }
 
     /// Borrow the underlying backend.
@@ -88,7 +84,20 @@ impl<T: GLGraphicsBackend + 'static> From<T> for GliumGraphicsBackend<T> {
 
 unsafe impl<T: GLGraphicsBackend> Backend for InternalBackend<T> {
     fn swap_buffers(&self) -> Result<(), GliumSwapBuffersError> {
-        self.0.borrow().swap_buffers().map_err(Into::into)
+        if let Err(err) = self.0.borrow().swap_buffers() {
+            Err(match err {
+                SwapBuffersError::ContextLost(err) => {
+                    self.1.set(Some(err));
+                    GliumSwapBuffersError::ContextLost
+                },
+                SwapBuffersError::TemporaryFailure(err) => {
+                    self.1.set(Some(err));
+                    GliumSwapBuffersError::AlreadySwapped
+                }
+                // I do not think, this may happen, but why not
+                SwapBuffersError::AlreadySwapped => GliumSwapBuffersError::AlreadySwapped,
+            })
+        } else { Ok(()) }
     }
 
     unsafe fn get_proc_address(&self, symbol: &str) -> *const c_void {
@@ -104,6 +113,94 @@ unsafe impl<T: GLGraphicsBackend> Backend for InternalBackend<T> {
     }
 
     unsafe fn make_current(&self) {
+        // TODO, if this ever blows up anvil, we should probably silently ignore this.
+        // But I have no idea, if that may happen or what glium does, if the context is not current...
+        // So lets leave this in to do some real world testing
         self.0.borrow().make_current().expect("Context was lost")
     }
 }
+
+/// Omplementation of `glium::Surface`, targeting the default framebuffer.
+/// 
+/// The back- and front-buffers are swapped when you call `finish`.
+/// 
+/// You **must** call either `finish` or `set_finish` or else the destructor will panic.
+pub struct Frame(glium::Frame, Rc<Cell<Option<Box<dyn std::error::Error>>>>);
+
+impl Frame {
+    /// Stop drawing, swap the buffers, and consume the Frame.
+    /// 
+    /// See the documentation of [`SwapBuffersError`] about what is being returned.
+    pub fn finish(mut self) -> Result<(), SwapBuffersError> {
+        self.set_finish()
+    }
+
+    /// Stop drawing, swap the buffers.
+    ///
+    /// The Frame can now be dropped regularly. Calling `finish()` or `set_finish()` again will cause `Err(SwapBuffersError::AlreadySwapped)` to be returned.
+    pub fn set_finish(&mut self) -> Result<(), SwapBuffersError> {
+        let res = self.0.set_finish();
+        let err = self.1.take();
+        match (res, err) {
+            (Ok(()), _) => Ok(()),
+            (Err(GliumSwapBuffersError::AlreadySwapped), Some(err)) => Err(SwapBuffersError::TemporaryFailure(err)),
+            (Err(GliumSwapBuffersError::AlreadySwapped), None) => Err(SwapBuffersError::AlreadySwapped),
+            (Err(GliumSwapBuffersError::ContextLost), Some(err)) => Err(SwapBuffersError::ContextLost(err)), 
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl glium::Surface for Frame {
+    fn clear(&mut self, rect: Option<&glium::Rect>, color: Option<(f32, f32, f32, f32)>, color_srgb: bool,
+             depth: Option<f32>, stencil: Option<i32>)
+    {
+        self.0.clear(rect, color, color_srgb, depth, stencil)
+    }
+    
+    fn get_dimensions(&self) -> (u32, u32) {
+        self.0.get_dimensions()
+    }
+
+    fn get_depth_buffer_bits(&self) -> Option<u16> {
+        self.0.get_depth_buffer_bits()
+    }
+
+    fn get_stencil_buffer_bits(&self) -> Option<u16> {
+        self.0.get_stencil_buffer_bits()
+    }
+
+    fn draw<'a, 'b, V, I, U>(&mut self, v: V, i: I, program: &glium::Program, uniforms: &U,
+        draw_parameters: &glium::draw_parameters::DrawParameters<'_>) -> Result<(), glium::DrawError> where
+        V: glium::vertex::MultiVerticesSource<'b>, I: Into<glium::index::IndicesSource<'a>>,
+        U: glium::uniforms::Uniforms
+    {
+        self.0.draw(v, i, program, uniforms, draw_parameters)
+    }
+
+    fn blit_from_frame(&self, source_rect: &glium::Rect, target_rect: &glium::BlitTarget,
+                       filter: glium::uniforms::MagnifySamplerFilter)
+    {
+        self.0.blit_from_frame(source_rect, target_rect, filter);
+    }
+
+    fn blit_from_simple_framebuffer(&self, source: &glium::framebuffer::SimpleFrameBuffer<'_>,
+                                    source_rect: &glium::Rect, target_rect: &glium::BlitTarget,
+                                    filter: glium::uniforms::MagnifySamplerFilter)
+    {
+        self.0.blit_from_simple_framebuffer(source, source_rect, target_rect, filter)
+    }
+
+    fn blit_from_multioutput_framebuffer(&self, source: &glium::framebuffer::MultiOutputFrameBuffer<'_>,
+                                         source_rect: &glium::Rect, target_rect: &glium::BlitTarget,
+                                         filter: glium::uniforms::MagnifySamplerFilter)
+    {
+        self.0.blit_from_multioutput_framebuffer(source, source_rect, target_rect, filter)
+    }
+
+    fn blit_color<S>(&self, source_rect: &glium::Rect, target: &S, target_rect: &glium::BlitTarget,
+                     filter: glium::uniforms::MagnifySamplerFilter) where S: glium::Surface
+    {
+        self.0.blit_color(source_rect, target, target_rect, filter)
+    }
+}

src/backend/graphics/mod.rs

@@ -16,24 +16,33 @@ pub mod glium;
 pub mod software;
 
 /// Error that can happen when swapping buffers.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, thiserror::Error)]
+#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
 pub enum SwapBuffersError {
-    /// The corresponding context has been lost and needs to be recreated.
-    ///
-    /// All the objects associated to it (textures, buffers, programs, etc.)
-    /// need to be recreated from scratch.
-    ///
-    /// Operations will have no effect. Functions that read textures, buffers, etc.
-    /// will return uninitialized data instead.
-    #[error("The context has been lost, it needs to be recreated")]
-    ContextLost,
     /// The buffers have already been swapped.
     ///
     /// This error can be returned when `swap_buffers` has been called multiple times
     /// without any modification in between.
     #[error("Buffers are already swapped, swap_buffers was called too many times")]
     AlreadySwapped,
-    /// Unknown error
+    /// The corresponding context has been lost and needs to be recreated.
-    #[error("Unknown error: {0:x}")]
+    ///
-    Unknown(u32),
+    /// All the objects associated to it (textures, buffers, programs, etc.)
+    /// need to be recreated from scratch. Underlying resources like native surfaces
+    /// might also need to be recreated.
+    ///
+    /// Operations will have no effect. Functions that read textures, buffers, etc.
+    /// will return uninitialized data instead.
+    #[error("The context has been lost, it needs to be recreated")]
+    ContextLost(Box<dyn std::error::Error>),
+    /// A temporary condition caused to rendering to fail.
+    ///
+    /// Depending on the underlying error this *might* require fixing internal state of the rendering backend,
+    /// but failures mapped to `TemporaryFailure` are always recoverable without re-creating the entire stack,
+    /// as is represented by `ContextLost`.
+    ///
+    /// Proceed after investigating the source to reschedule another full rendering step or just this page_flip at a later time.
+    /// If the root cause cannot be discovered and subsequent renderings also fail, it is advised to fallback to
+    /// recreation.
+    #[error("A temporary condition caused the page flip to fail.")]
+    TemporaryFailure(Box<dyn std::error::Error>),
 }

src/backend/winit.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 use crate::backend::egl::display::EGLDisplay;
 use crate::backend::egl::get_proc_address;
 use crate::backend::{
-    egl::{context::GlAttributes, native, EGLContext, EGLSurface, Error as EGLError},
+    egl::{context::GlAttributes, native, EGLContext, EGLSurface, Error as EGLError, SurfaceCreationError},
     graphics::{gl::GLGraphicsBackend, CursorBackend, PixelFormat, SwapBuffersError},
     input::{
         Axis, AxisSource, Event as BackendEvent, InputBackend, InputHandler, KeyState, KeyboardKeyEvent,
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ use nix::libc::c_void;
 use std::{
     cell::{Ref, RefCell},
     cmp,
+    convert::TryInto,
     rc::Rc,
     time::Instant,
 };
@@ -47,6 +48,9 @@ pub enum Error {
     /// EGL error
     #[error("EGL error: {0}")]
     EGL(#[from] EGLError),
+    /// Surface Creation failed
+    #[error("Surface creation failed: {0}")]
+    SurfaceCreationError(#[from] SurfaceCreationError<EGLError>)
 }
 
 enum Window {
@@ -277,8 +281,8 @@ impl GLGraphicsBackend for WinitGraphicsBackend {
     fn swap_buffers(&self) -> ::std::result::Result<(), SwapBuffersError> {
         trace!(self.logger, "Swapping buffers");
         match *self.window {
-            Window::Wayland { ref surface, .. } => surface.swap_buffers(),
+            Window::Wayland { ref surface, .. } => surface.swap_buffers().map_err(|err| err.try_into().unwrap()),
-            Window::X11 { ref surface, .. } => surface.swap_buffers(),
+            Window::X11 { ref surface, .. } => surface.swap_buffers().map_err(|err| err.try_into().unwrap()),
         }
     }
 
@@ -314,12 +318,12 @@ impl GLGraphicsBackend for WinitGraphicsBackend {
                 ref surface,
                 ref context,
                 ..
-            } => context.make_current_with_surface(surface),
+            } => context.make_current_with_surface(surface).map_err(Into::into),
             Window::X11 {
                 ref surface,
                 ref context,
                 ..
-            } => context.make_current_with_surface(surface),
+            } => context.make_current_with_surface(surface).map_err(Into::into),
         }
     }